Automatic Synthesis of Analog Integrated Circuits Including Efficient Yield Optimization

In this chapter, the authors show the main aspects and implications of automatic sizing, including yield. Different strategies for accelerating performance estimation and design space search are addressed. The analog sizing problem is converted into a nonlinear optimization problem, and the design space is explored using metaheuristics based on genetic algorithms. Circuit performance is estimated by electrical simulations, and the generated optimal solution includes yield prediction as a design constraint. The method was applied for the automatic design of a 12-free-variables two-stage amplifier. The resulting sized circuit presented 100 % yield within a 99 % confidence interval, while achieving all the performance specifications in a reasonable processing time. The authors implemented an efficient yield-oriented sizing tool which generates robust solutions, thus increasing the number of first-time-right analog integrated circuit designs.